Resources
Allen, J. B. (2003). Social motivation in youth sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25, 551-567.
Armstrong, S., & Ooman-Early, J. (2009). Social connectedness, self-esteem, and depression symptomatology among collegiate athletes versus non-athletes. Journal of American College Health, 57, 521‑526.
Baldwin, S. A. & Hoffman, J. P. (2002). The dynamics of self-esteem: A growth-curve analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31, 101-113.
Biro, F. M., Striegel-Moore, R. H., Franko, D. L., Padgett, J., & Bean, J. A. (2006). Self-esteem in adolescent females. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39, 510-507.
Castrucci, B. C., Gerlach, K. K., Kaufman, N. J., & Orleans, C. T. (2004). Tobacco use and cessation behavior among adolescents participating in organized sports. American Journal of Health Behavior, 28(1), 63-71.
Crissey, S. R., Pearson, J., & Riegle-Crumb, C. (2005). Gender differences in the effects of sports participation on academic outcomes. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociology Association, Marriott Hotel, Loews Philadelphia Hotel, Philadelphia, PA. Retrieved July 1, 2014, from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/ p21189_index.htm.
Crosnoe, R. (2001). The social world of male and female athletes in high school. Sociological Studies of Children and Youth, 8, 89-110.
Crosnoe, R. (2002). Academic and health-related trajectories in adolescence: The intersection of gender and athletics. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43, 317‑335.
Dishman, R. K., Hales, D. P., Pfeiffer, K. A., Felton, G., Saunders, R., Ward, D. S., Dowda, M., & Pate, R. R. (2006). Physical self-concept and self-esteem mediate crosssectional relations of physical activity and sport participation with depression symptoms among adolescent girls. Health Psychology, 25, 396-407.
Dodge, T., & Jaccard, J. (2002). Participation in athletics and female sexual risk behavior: The evaluation of four casual structures. Journal of Adolescent Research, 17, 42‑67.
Eccles, J. S., & Barber, B. L. (1999). Student council, volunteering, basketball, or marching band: What kind of extracurricular involvement matters? Journal of AdolescentResearch, 14(1), 10-43.
Eitle, T. M., & Eitle, D. J. (2002). Race, cultural capital, and the educational effects of participation in sports. Sociology of Education, 75, 123-146.
Hanson, S. L., & Kraus, R. S. (1998). Women, sports, and science: Do female athletes have an advantage? Sociology of Education, 71, 93-110.
Hanson, S. L., & Kraus, R. S. (1999). Women in male domains: Sport and science. Sociology of Sport Journal, 16, 92-110.
Hausenblas, H. A., & Downs, D. S. (2001). Comparison of body image between athletes and nonathletes: A metaanalytic reivew. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13, 323-339.
Kokotailo, P. K., Koscik, R. E., Henry, B. C., Fleming, M. F., & Landry, G. L. (1998). Health risk taking and human immunodeficiency virus risk in collegiate female athletes. Journal of American College Health, 46(6), 263-268.
Lehman, S. J., & Koerner, S. S. (2004). Adolescent women’s sports involvement and sexual behavior/ health: A process-level investigation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33(5), 443-455.
Marsh, H. W. & Kleitman, S. (2003). School athletic participation: Mostly gain with little pain. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25, 205-228.
McHale, J. P., Vinden, P. G., Bush, L., Richer, D., Shaw, D., & Smith, B. (2005). Patterns of personal and social adjustment among sport-involved and noninvolved urban middle-school children. Sociology of Sport Journal, 22, 119‑136.
Melnick, M. J., Miller, K. E., Sabo, D., Farrell, M. P., & Barnes, G. M. (2001). Tobacco use among high school athletes and nonathletes: Results of the 1997 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Adolescence, 36, 727-747.
Miller, K. E., Sabo, D., Farrell, M. P., Barnes, G. M., & Melnick, M. J. (1999). Sports, sexual activity, contraceptive use, and pregnancy among female and male high school students: Testing cultural resource theory. Sociology of Sport Journal, 16, 366-387.
Miller, K. E., Sabo, D. F., Melnick, M. J., Farrell, M. P., & Barnes, G. M. (2001). The Women’s Sports Foundation report: Health risks and the teen athlete. East Meadow, NY: Women’s Sports Foundation.
Miller, K. E., Barnes, G. M., Melnick, M. J., Sabo, D., & Farrell, M. P. (2002). Gender and racial/ethnic differences in predicting adolescent sexual risk: Athletic participation vs. exercise. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 43, 436-450.
Page, R. M., Hammermeister, J., Scanlan, A., & Gilbert, L. (1998). Is school sports participation a protective factor against adolescent health risk behaviors? Journal of Health Education, 29(3), 186-192. Pate, R. R., Trost, S. G., Levin, S., & Dowda, M. (2000). Sports participation and health-related behaviors among U. S. youth. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 154, 904-911.
Prochaska, J. J., Rodgers, M. W., and Sallis, J. F. (2002). Association of parent and peer support with adolescent physical activity. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 73, 206-210.
Rome, E. S., Rybicki, L. A., & Durant, R. H. (1998). Pregnancy and other risk behaviors among adolescent girls in Ohio. Journal of Adolescent Health, 22, 50-55.
Sabo, D., Melnick, M., & Vanfossen, B. (1993). High school athletic participation and postsecondary educational and occupational mobility: A focus on race and gender. Sociology of Sport Journal, 10(1), 44-56.
Sabo, D., Miller, K. E., Farrell, M. P., Barnes, G. M., & Melnick, M. J. (1998). The Women’s Sports Foundation Report: Sport and Teen Pregnancy. East Meadow, NY: Women’s Sports Foundation.
Smith, A. L. (1999). Perceptions of peer relationships and physical activity participation in early adolescence. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 21, 329-350.
Terry-McElrath, Y. M., & O’Malley, P. M. (2011). Substance use and exercise participation among young adults: parallel trajectories in a national cohort-sequential study. Addiction, 106(10), 1855-1865.
Veliz, P. & Shakib S. (2014). Gender, Academics, and Interscholastic Sports Participation at the School Level: A Gender-specific Analysis of the Relationship between Interscholastic Sports Participation and AP Enrollment? Sociological Focus, 47, 101–120.
Videon, T. M. (2002). Who plays and who benefits: Gender, interscholastic athletics, and academic outcomes. Sociological Perspectives, 45(4), 415-444.
Yusko, D. A., Buckman, J. F., White, H. R., & Pandina, R. J. (2008). Alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs, and performance enhancers: A comparison of use by college student athletes and nonathletes. Journal of American College Health, 57(3), 281-289.
https://www.syracuse.com/news/2019/01/syracuse-high-school-graduation-rate-drops-again.html
https://www.healthline.com/health-news/children-should-play-more-than-one-sport#2
https://www.npr.org/2019/11/05/769465302/most-of-the-nations-top-public-universities-aren-t-affordable-for-low-income-stu
http://www.ihep.org/press/news-releases/ihep-analysis-finds-majority-state-flagship-universities-fall-short-their
Armstrong, S., & Ooman-Early, J. (2009). Social connectedness, self-esteem, and depression symptomatology among collegiate athletes versus non-athletes. Journal of American College Health, 57, 521‑526.
Baldwin, S. A. & Hoffman, J. P. (2002). The dynamics of self-esteem: A growth-curve analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31, 101-113.
Biro, F. M., Striegel-Moore, R. H., Franko, D. L., Padgett, J., & Bean, J. A. (2006). Self-esteem in adolescent females. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39, 510-507.
Castrucci, B. C., Gerlach, K. K., Kaufman, N. J., & Orleans, C. T. (2004). Tobacco use and cessation behavior among adolescents participating in organized sports. American Journal of Health Behavior, 28(1), 63-71.
Crissey, S. R., Pearson, J., & Riegle-Crumb, C. (2005). Gender differences in the effects of sports participation on academic outcomes. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociology Association, Marriott Hotel, Loews Philadelphia Hotel, Philadelphia, PA. Retrieved July 1, 2014, from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/ p21189_index.htm.
Crosnoe, R. (2001). The social world of male and female athletes in high school. Sociological Studies of Children and Youth, 8, 89-110.
Crosnoe, R. (2002). Academic and health-related trajectories in adolescence: The intersection of gender and athletics. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43, 317‑335.
Dishman, R. K., Hales, D. P., Pfeiffer, K. A., Felton, G., Saunders, R., Ward, D. S., Dowda, M., & Pate, R. R. (2006). Physical self-concept and self-esteem mediate crosssectional relations of physical activity and sport participation with depression symptoms among adolescent girls. Health Psychology, 25, 396-407.
Dodge, T., & Jaccard, J. (2002). Participation in athletics and female sexual risk behavior: The evaluation of four casual structures. Journal of Adolescent Research, 17, 42‑67.
Eccles, J. S., & Barber, B. L. (1999). Student council, volunteering, basketball, or marching band: What kind of extracurricular involvement matters? Journal of AdolescentResearch, 14(1), 10-43.
Eitle, T. M., & Eitle, D. J. (2002). Race, cultural capital, and the educational effects of participation in sports. Sociology of Education, 75, 123-146.
Hanson, S. L., & Kraus, R. S. (1998). Women, sports, and science: Do female athletes have an advantage? Sociology of Education, 71, 93-110.
Hanson, S. L., & Kraus, R. S. (1999). Women in male domains: Sport and science. Sociology of Sport Journal, 16, 92-110.
Hausenblas, H. A., & Downs, D. S. (2001). Comparison of body image between athletes and nonathletes: A metaanalytic reivew. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13, 323-339.
Kokotailo, P. K., Koscik, R. E., Henry, B. C., Fleming, M. F., & Landry, G. L. (1998). Health risk taking and human immunodeficiency virus risk in collegiate female athletes. Journal of American College Health, 46(6), 263-268.
Lehman, S. J., & Koerner, S. S. (2004). Adolescent women’s sports involvement and sexual behavior/ health: A process-level investigation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33(5), 443-455.
Marsh, H. W. & Kleitman, S. (2003). School athletic participation: Mostly gain with little pain. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25, 205-228.
McHale, J. P., Vinden, P. G., Bush, L., Richer, D., Shaw, D., & Smith, B. (2005). Patterns of personal and social adjustment among sport-involved and noninvolved urban middle-school children. Sociology of Sport Journal, 22, 119‑136.
Melnick, M. J., Miller, K. E., Sabo, D., Farrell, M. P., & Barnes, G. M. (2001). Tobacco use among high school athletes and nonathletes: Results of the 1997 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Adolescence, 36, 727-747.
Miller, K. E., Sabo, D., Farrell, M. P., Barnes, G. M., & Melnick, M. J. (1999). Sports, sexual activity, contraceptive use, and pregnancy among female and male high school students: Testing cultural resource theory. Sociology of Sport Journal, 16, 366-387.
Miller, K. E., Sabo, D. F., Melnick, M. J., Farrell, M. P., & Barnes, G. M. (2001). The Women’s Sports Foundation report: Health risks and the teen athlete. East Meadow, NY: Women’s Sports Foundation.
Miller, K. E., Barnes, G. M., Melnick, M. J., Sabo, D., & Farrell, M. P. (2002). Gender and racial/ethnic differences in predicting adolescent sexual risk: Athletic participation vs. exercise. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 43, 436-450.
Page, R. M., Hammermeister, J., Scanlan, A., & Gilbert, L. (1998). Is school sports participation a protective factor against adolescent health risk behaviors? Journal of Health Education, 29(3), 186-192. Pate, R. R., Trost, S. G., Levin, S., & Dowda, M. (2000). Sports participation and health-related behaviors among U. S. youth. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 154, 904-911.
Prochaska, J. J., Rodgers, M. W., and Sallis, J. F. (2002). Association of parent and peer support with adolescent physical activity. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 73, 206-210.
Rome, E. S., Rybicki, L. A., & Durant, R. H. (1998). Pregnancy and other risk behaviors among adolescent girls in Ohio. Journal of Adolescent Health, 22, 50-55.
Sabo, D., Melnick, M., & Vanfossen, B. (1993). High school athletic participation and postsecondary educational and occupational mobility: A focus on race and gender. Sociology of Sport Journal, 10(1), 44-56.
Sabo, D., Miller, K. E., Farrell, M. P., Barnes, G. M., & Melnick, M. J. (1998). The Women’s Sports Foundation Report: Sport and Teen Pregnancy. East Meadow, NY: Women’s Sports Foundation.
Smith, A. L. (1999). Perceptions of peer relationships and physical activity participation in early adolescence. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 21, 329-350.
Terry-McElrath, Y. M., & O’Malley, P. M. (2011). Substance use and exercise participation among young adults: parallel trajectories in a national cohort-sequential study. Addiction, 106(10), 1855-1865.
Veliz, P. & Shakib S. (2014). Gender, Academics, and Interscholastic Sports Participation at the School Level: A Gender-specific Analysis of the Relationship between Interscholastic Sports Participation and AP Enrollment? Sociological Focus, 47, 101–120.
Videon, T. M. (2002). Who plays and who benefits: Gender, interscholastic athletics, and academic outcomes. Sociological Perspectives, 45(4), 415-444.
Yusko, D. A., Buckman, J. F., White, H. R., & Pandina, R. J. (2008). Alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs, and performance enhancers: A comparison of use by college student athletes and nonathletes. Journal of American College Health, 57(3), 281-289.
https://www.syracuse.com/news/2019/01/syracuse-high-school-graduation-rate-drops-again.html
https://www.healthline.com/health-news/children-should-play-more-than-one-sport#2
https://www.npr.org/2019/11/05/769465302/most-of-the-nations-top-public-universities-aren-t-affordable-for-low-income-stu
http://www.ihep.org/press/news-releases/ihep-analysis-finds-majority-state-flagship-universities-fall-short-their